The cold winter along with starvation from scorched earth tactics devastated Napoleon's army. However, the Russians had to retreat and abandon the capital, Moscow, to the advancing French troops. It was in Russia that Napoleon was first checked in his conquest of Europe, at the huge Battle of Borodino. Napoleon staged a French invasion of Russia in 1812 just as the United States and Britain started the War of 1812. In 1811, France and Russia made disagreements again and Napoleon allied with Prussia and Austria and invaded Russia. This led to the annexation of Finland by Russia and decisive failure for Sweden. In 1809, the Finnish War began between Russia and Sweden when Sweden and Portugal did make peace with France. In 1808, the Peninsular War began when Napoleon crowned his brother Joseph Bonaparte as King of Spain and fought British, Spanish, and Portuguese troops. At the height of his power in 1810, Napoleon had controlled France, Spain, northern Italy, Germany, all the way to Russia. In the early phases of the war, the Austrians had advantage of the war, but later the French captured Vienna, ending the Fifth Coalition. In 1809, the War of the Fifth Coalition began when Austria declared war on Napoleon. In 1807, Napoleon defeated the Russian army at the Battle of Friedland, ending the Fourth Coalition. Napoleon captured Berlin before the Russians could help. The Kingdom of Prussia declared war on France first but was crushed by Napoleon's troops at the Battle of Jena. In 1806, the War of the Fourth Coalition started. The Russo-Austrian army suffered a devastating defeat and had to sign a treaty with Napoleon. In December the Austrians and the Russians allied, and fought the French at the Battle of Austerlitz. The British destroyed the French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar in October. The Austrian Emperor, Franz I, angrily declared war on Napoleon, beginning the War of the Third Coalition. In response, Napoleon crowned himself King of Italy. The following year, the Third Coalition started. On, Napoleon Bonaparte was crowned Emperor of the French at Notre Dame de Paris. 1815: Battle of Waterloo and Hundred Days.1813-1814: Battle of Leipzig and First Restoration.1812: Invasion of Russia/The War of 1812.1805-1812: Napoleonic Conquest of Europe.On the other side was Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden, Portugal, Spain, Sicily, and others. On one side was the First Empire of France, Kingdom of Italy, and others. Some people call the time between Apand Novem'the Great French War'. This was just after the Battle of Waterloo, a big battle that Napoleon lost. The Napoleonic Wars ended with the Second Treaty of Paris on 20 November 1815. The French became powerful very fast, and conquered most of Europe. They were very big and destructive, mainly because of compulsory conscription. Armies were much larger, yet had better food and supplies. These wars changed European military systems. This happened when the Treaty of Amiens ended in 1802. War began between the United Kingdom and France in 1803. They started after the French Revolution ended and Napoleon Bonaparte became powerful in France in November 1799. The Napoleonic Wars were wars which were fought during the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte over France. 800,000 killed by disease, wounds, accidents and other causes.

Napoleonic wars in europe